\(N=\log_{\frac{1}{3}}5\log_{25}\frac{1}{7}=\log_{3^{-1}}5\log_{5^5}3^{-3}=\left(-5\right)\left(-\frac{3}{2}\right).\log_35\log_53=\frac{15}{2}\)

a) \(A=\log_{5^{-2}}5^{\frac{5}{4}}=-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{5}{4}.\log_55=-\frac{5}{8}\)

b) \(B=9^{\frac{1}{2}\log_22-2\log_{27}3}=3^{\log_32-\frac{3}{4}\log_33}=\frac{2}{3^{\frac{3}{4}}}=\frac{2}{3\sqrt[3]{3}}\)

c) \(C=\log_3\log_29=\log_3\log_22^3=\log_33=1\)

d) Ta có \(D=\log_{\frac{1}{3}}6^2-\log_{\frac{1}{3}}400^{\frac{1}{2}}+\log_{\frac{1}{3}}\left(\sqrt[3]{45}\right)\)

                   \(=\log_{\frac{1}{3}}36-\log_{\frac{1}{3}}20+\log_{\frac{1}{3}}45\)

                   \(=\log_{\frac{1}{3}}\frac{36.45}{20}=\log_{3^{-1}}81=-\log_33^4=-4\)

\(D=\log_{5^{-1}}\left(5^2\right)-3\log_{3^2}\left(3^{-1}\right)+4.\log_{2^{\frac{3}{2}}}2^6=-2+\frac{3}{2}+16=\frac{31}{2}\)

\(E=16\left[\log_{3^{-2}}3^{\frac{3}{2}}\right]^2+23\log_{2^{\frac{9}{2}}}2^{\frac{5}{2}}-12\log_55^{-3}=16\left(-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2+9\frac{5}{9}-12\left(-3\right)=50\)

Ta có : 

\(\begin{cases}5>1;3>1\Rightarrow\log_53>0\\15>1;4>1\Rightarrow\log_{15}4>0\\0< \frac{1}{3}< 1;\frac{7}{2}>1\Rightarrow\log_{\frac{1}{3}}\frac{14}{5}< 0\\0< 0,3< 1;\frac{7}{2}>1\Rightarrow\log_{0,3}\frac{7}{2}< 0\end{cases}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\log_53.\log_{15}4}{\log_{\frac{1}{3}}\frac{14}{5}\log_{0,3}\frac{7}{2}}>0\)

Theo công thức biến đổi có số ta có : \(\log_{a^n}x=\frac{\log_ax}{\log_aa^n}=\frac{1}{n}\log_ax\)

Từ đó ta có :

      \(A=\frac{1}{\log_ax}+\frac{1}{\log_{a^2}x}+\frac{1}{\log_{a^3}x}+...+\frac{1}{\log_{a^n}x}\)

          \(=\frac{1}{\log_ax}+\frac{2}{\log_ax}+\frac{4}{\log_ax}+...+\frac{n}{\log_ax}\)

          \(=\frac{1+2+3+...+n}{\log_ax}=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{\log_ax}\)

Vậy \(A=\frac{1}{\log_ax}+\frac{1}{\log_{a^2}x}+\frac{1}{\log_{a^3}x}+...+\frac{1}{\log_{a^n}x}=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{\log_ax}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow log_{\frac{1}{3}}xy\le log_{\frac{1}{3}}\left(x+y^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow xy\ge x+y^2\) (do \(\frac{1}{3}< 1\))

\(\Rightarrow x\left(y-1\right)\ge y^2\) (\(y-1>0\) do

Nếu \(y\le1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}VT\le0\\VP>0\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lý)

\(\Rightarrow y>1\Rightarrow x\ge\frac{y^2}{y-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=2x+3y\ge\frac{2y^2}{y-1}+3y=5y+2+\frac{2}{y-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge5\left(y-1\right)+\frac{2}{y-1}+7\ge2\sqrt{\frac{10\left(y-1\right)}{y-1}}+7=7+2\sqrt{10}\)

\(P_{min}=7+2\sqrt{10}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1+\frac{\sqrt{10}}{5}\\x=\frac{y^2}{y-1}=...\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ giả thiết ta thấy tất cả các biểu thức đều xác định :

Ta có : \(\log_ax=1+\log_ax.\log_az\Leftrightarrow\log_ax=\frac{1}{1-\log_az}=\frac{1}{1-\log_a\frac{a}{z}}=\log_{\frac{a}{z}}z\)

Do đó \(\log_xa.\log_{\frac{a}{z}}z=1\)

Tương tự \(\log_ya.\log_{\frac{a}{x}}x=1\)

Hơn nữa, thay \(\log_ax=\frac{1}{1-\log_az}\) vào \(\log_ay=1+\log_ay.\log_ax\), ta được :

\(\log_ay=1+\frac{\log_ay}{1-\log_az}\Leftrightarrow1-\log_az=\frac{\log_ay}{\log_ay-1}\)

                                \(\Leftrightarrow\log_za=1+\log_ay.\log_az\)

Tương tự như trên ta cũng có :

                                          \(\log_za.\log_{\frac{a}{y}}y=1\)

Từ đó suy ra :

\(A=\left(\log_{\frac{a}{x}}a.\log_ya\right)\left(\log_{\frac{a}{y}}a.\log_za\right)\left(\log_{\frac{a}{z}}a.\log_xa\right)=1\)

\(log_5125=log_55^3=3\)

\(log_6216=log_66^3=3\)

\(log_{10}\dfrac{1}{10000}=log_{10}10^{-4}=-4\)

\(log\sqrt{1000}=log_{10}10^{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(81^{log_35}=3^{3log_35}=3^{log_3125}=125\)

\(125^{log_52}=5^{3log_52}=5^{log_58}=8\)

\(\left(\dfrac{1}{49}\right)^{log_7\dfrac{1}{8}}=7^{-2log_7\dfrac{1}{8}}=7^{log_764}=64\)

\(\left(\dfrac{1}{625}\right)^{log_52}=5^{-4log_52}=5^{log_5\dfrac{1}{16}}=\dfrac{1}{16}\)